 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 Next: The formulas and methods
 Up: A quick introduction to
 Previous: The mysterious
     Contents 
Using our -series, and in fact using any -series one can define the notion of a  function that is very similar to , except that it has more symmetries.  It is defined as follows: 
Where  is the conductor of the curve and  is the complete  function evaluated at .
However, when only considering those -series that come from elliptic curves the associated -series obeys the following symmetry:
where 
 is the root number of  (which can be found using ellrootno in PARI).  Because of this symmetry, the graphs of 
 can look ``nicer'' then those of  and in the graphs below we produce graphs of both  and 
 for this reason.
Ariel Shwayder
2002-12-11